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【原文】

 

陳亢(1)問於伯魚曰:「子亦有異聞乎(2)?」對曰:「未也。嘗獨立(3),鯉趨(4)而過庭。曰:『學詩乎?』對曰:『未也。』『不學詩,無以言!』鯉退而學詩。他日,又獨立,鯉趨而過庭。曰:『學禮乎?』對曰:『未也。』『不學禮,無以立!』鯉退而學禮。聞斯二者。」陳亢退而喜曰:「問一得三:聞詩,聞禮。又聞君子之遠其子(5)也。」

【英文】

Chen Kang asked Bo-yu, “Have you not been taught anything out of the ordinary?”

“No, I have not. Once my father was standing by himself. As I crossed the courtyard with quickened steps, he said, ‘Have you studied the Odes?’ I answered, ‘No.’ ‘Unless you study the Odes, you will be ill-equipped to speak.’ I retired and studied the Odes.

“Another day, my father was again standing by himself. As I crossed the courtyard with quickened steps, he said, ‘Have you studied the rites?’ I answered, ‘No.’‘Unless you study the rites, you will be ill-equipped to take your stand.’ I retired and studied the rites. I have been taught these two things.”

Chen Kang retired delighted and said, “I asked one question and got three answers. I learned about the Odes, I learned about the rites and I learned that a gentleman keeps his distance from his son.”

 

【注釋】

(1)陳亢,字子禽。孔子之弟子。

(2)異聞,異乎弟子之所聞。陳亢疑孔子教其子所聞當有異。

(3)嘗獨立,謂孔子嘗獨立,左右無人也。

(4)趨,疾走。古禮過長者必趨。

(5)君子之遠其子,孔子之教其子,無異於門人,故陳亢以為遠其子。遠,無私厚。

【翻譯】

陳亢問孔鯉說:「你有沒有聽到你父親教你的另一套呢?」孔鯉回答:「沒有。有一次,我父親一個人站在堂上,我很快的穿過庭院。我父親他問:『你學過《詩》沒有?』我說:『沒有。』我父親說:『不學《詩》,就不懂得怎樣講話。』於是我退下去便去學《詩》。過些日子,我父親又一個人站在堂上,我很快的穿過庭院。我父親問說:『你學過禮了沒有?』我說:『沒有。』他便說:『不學禮,不能在社會上立身。』於是我退下便去學禮的道理。我私下只聽到這兩項教訓。」陳亢退下而高興的說:「我問一件事,知到了三件事:知道學《詩》的道理,學禮的道理,還知道君子對自己的孩子也沒有偏私厚待。」

【主旨】勉人為詩為禮。

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【參考文獻】

1、譚家哲,《論語平解》,〈學而〉,大雁文化事業,2012。

2、《新譯四書讀本》,〈學而〉,三民書局,2009。

3、網頁http://www.taiwanus.net/E/E_4/E_4_16.htm

4、楊伯峻  今譯,劉殿爵  英譯,《論語》(Confucius The Analects),聯經出版事業,Chinese-English edition,2009。

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