【原文】
長沮桀溺(1)耦(2)而耕。孔子過之,使子路問津(3)焉。長沮曰:「夫執輿者(4)為誰?」子路曰:「為孔丘。」曰:「是魯孔丘與?」曰:「是也。」曰:「是知津矣!」問於桀溺,桀溺曰:「子為誰?」曰:「為仲由。」曰:「是魯孔丘之徒(5)與?」對曰:「然。」曰:「滔滔(6)者,天下皆是也,而誰以易(7)之?且而(8)與其從辟人之士(9)也,豈若從辟世之士(10)哉?」耰而不輟(11)。子路行以告,夫子憮然(12)曰:「鳥獸不可與同群!吾非斯人之徒與而誰與(13)?天下有道,丘不與易也(14)。」
【英文】
Zhang Ju and Jie Ni were ploughing together, yoked as a team. Confucius went past them and sent Zi-lu to ask them where the ford was.
Zhang Ju said, “Who is that taking charge of the carriage ?“
Zi-lu said, “It is Kong Qiu.”
“Then, he must be the Kong Qiu of Lu.”
“He is.”
“Then, he doesn’t have to ask where the ford is.”
Zi-lu asked Jie Ni.
Jie Ni said, “Who are you?”
“I am Zhong You.
“Then, you must be the disciple of Kong Qiu of Lu?”
Zi-lu answered, “I am.”
“Throughout the Empire, men are all the same. Who is there for you to change place with? Moreover, for your own sake, would it not be better if, instead of following a Gentleman who keeps running form man, you followed one who runs away from the world altogether?”
All the while he carried on harrowing without interruption.
Zi-lu went and reported what was said to Confucius.
The Master was lost in thought for a while and said, “One cannot associate with birds and beasts. Am I not a member of this human race? Who, then, is there for me to associate with? While the Way is to be found in the Empire, I will not change places with him.”
【注釋】
(1)長沮桀溺,楚國二隱者。
(2)耦,並耕。
(3)問津,問濟渡處。
(4)執輿者,在車上執轡的人。
(5)徒,門徒,指弟子。
(6)滔滔,亂貌。
(7)易,言天下皆亂,將誰與變易之。
(8)而,汝也,指子路。
(9)辟人之士,謂孔子。
(10)辟世之士,桀溺自謂。
(11)耰而不輟,言覆種而不停止,亦不告以津處。耰,覆種。輟,止也。
(12)憮然,悵惘失意貌。
(13)吾非斯人之徒與而誰與,言所當與同群者,斯人而已,豈可絕人逃世以為潔哉。
(14)天下有道丘不與易也,言天下平治,則我無用變異之,正因天下無道,故欲以道易之。
【翻譯】
長沮、桀溺兩入ㄧ起在田裡耕地。孔子從楚國到蔡國,經過那裡,叫子路去問他們過河的渡口在哪裡。長沮問子路說:「那車上拉著疆繩的人是誰?」子路答道:「是孔丘。」長沮問:「是魯國的孔丘嗎?」子路回答:「是的。」長沮說:「那麼他應該知道渡口在哪裡。」子路又去問桀溺。桀溺問:「你是誰?」子路答說:「我是仲由。」桀溺問:「是魯國孔丘的門徒嗎?」子路回答:「是的。」桀溺便說:「像滔滔的洪水一樣動亂,天下都是如此,誰能改變這種局面呢?你與其跟從逃避壞人的人,道不如跟著我們這些逃避亂世的人呢?」說完,仍然不停的犁土覆種。子路回來告訴了孔子。孔子悵惘地說:「人不可能跟山林的鳥獸同群!我不和世上生活在一起,又和誰ㄧ起呢?天下如果太平的話,那我孔丘也不用出來改變這局勢了。」
【主旨】孔子周遊天下,為隱者所譏。
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【參考文獻】
1、譚家哲,《論語平解》,〈學而〉,大雁文化事業,2012。
2、《新譯四書讀本》,〈學而〉,三民書局,2009。
3、網頁http://www.taiwanus.net/E/E_4/E_4_18.htm
4、楊伯峻 今譯,劉殿爵 英譯,《論語》(Confucius The Analects),聯經出版事業,Chinese-English edition,2009。
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