楊三合的筆記

【原文】

君賜食，必正席先嘗之。君賜腥（1），必熟而薦（2）之。君賜生，必畜之。侍食於君；君祭，先飯（3）。疾，君視之，東首（4）加朝服拖紳（5）。君命召，不俟駕行矣（6）。

【英文】

When his lord gave a gift of cooked food, the first thing he invariably did was to taste it after having adjusted his mat. When his lord gave him a gift of uncooked food, he invariably cooked it and offered it to the ancestors. When his lord gave him a gift of a live animal, he invariably reared it. At the table of his lord, when his lord had made an offering before the meal, he invariably started with the rice first.

During an illness, when his lord paid him a visit, he would lie with his head to the east, with his court robes draped over him and his grand sash trailing over the side of the bed. When summoned by his lord, he would set off without waiting for horses to be yoked to his carriage.

【注釋】

（1）腥，生肉。

（2）薦，進奉；進奉於祖先。

（3）君祭先飯，古者臨食前必祭，侍食者

（4）東首，

（5）加朝服拖紳，

（6）君命召不俟駕行矣，

【翻譯】

國君賜煮熟的食物，必定將席位擺正先嚐它。國君賜生肉，必定煮熟，然後進奉於祖先。國君賜牲畜，必定將牠畜養著。陪國君吃飯，在國君舉行食祭時，先為國君嚐飯。臥病時，國君來探視，頭向東邊臥著，身上蓋朝服，拖著大帶。國君有命令召見，不等待僕人把車輛駕好馬，便立刻動身去應命。

【主旨】孔子是君之禮。

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【參考文獻】

1、譚家哲，《論語平解》，〈學而〉，大雁文化事業，2012。

2、《新譯四書讀本》，〈學而〉，三民書局，2009。

3、網頁http://www.taiwanus.net/E/E_4/E_4_10.htm

4、楊伯峻  今譯，劉殿爵  英譯，《論語》（Confucius The Analects），聯經出版事業，Chinese-English edition，2009。