【原文】
孟懿子(1)問孝。子曰:「無違(2)。」樊遲(3)御(4),子告之曰:「孟孫(5)問孝於我,我對曰,『無違。』」樊遲曰:「何謂也?」子曰:「生,事之以禮(6);死,葬之以禮(7),祭之以禮(8)。」
【英文】
Meng Yi Zi asked about being filial. The Master answered, “Never fail to comply.”
Fan Chi was driving. The Master told him about the interview, saying, “Meng-sun asked me about being filial. I answered, ‘Never fail to comply.’”
Fan Chi asked, “What does that mean?”
The Master said, “When your parents are alive, comply with the rites in serving them; when they die, comply with the rites in burying them and in offering sacrifices to them.”
【注釋】
(2)無違,不違背禮節。
(3)樊遲,名須,孔子的弟子。
(4)御,駕車。
(5)孟孫,即仲孫。
(6)生事之以禮,謂冬溫夏凊,昏定晨省之屬。
(8)祭之以禮,謂春秋祭祀。
【翻譯】
孟懿子問孔子,怎樣才算是孝。孔子回答:「無違, 不違背父母之意。」有一次,樊遲替孔子駕車。孔子告訴他:「孟孫問我怎麼才算盡孝道,我告訴他:『無違。』樊遲問:「這是什麼意思呢?」孔子回答:「生死大事和祭祀都以禮行事,就是不違孝道。」
【主旨】從孝論為人之真實,在為人中禮與義之真實。
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【參考文獻】
1、譚家哲,《論語平解》,〈學而〉,大雁文化事業,2012。
2、《新譯四書讀本》,〈學而〉,三民書局,2009。
3、網頁http://www.taiwanus.net/E/E_4/E_4_01.htm
4、楊伯峻 今譯,劉殿爵 英譯,《論語》(Confucius The Analects),聯經出版事業,Chinese-English edition,2009。