楊三合的筆記

【原文】

子貢曰：「如有博施（1）於民而能濟眾（2），何如？可謂仁乎？」子曰：「何事於仁（3）！必也聖乎！堯舜其猶病（4）諸（5）！夫仁者，己欲立而立人，己欲達而達人（6）。能近取譬（7），可謂仁之方（8）也已。」

【英文】

Zi-gong said, “If there were a man who gave extensively to the common people and brought help to the multitude, what would you think of him? Could he be called benevolent?”

The Master said, “It is no longer a matter of benevolence with such a man. If you must describe him, ‘sage’ is, perhaps. the right word. Even Yao and Shun would have found it difficult to accomplish as much. Now, on the other hand, a benevolent man helps others to take their stand in that he himself wishes to take his stand, and gets others there in that he himself wishes to get there. The ability to take as analogy what is near at hand can be called the method of benevolence.”

【注釋】

（1）博施，廣施恩惠。

（2）濟眾，救助大眾。

（3）何事於仁，言此事何止於仁。

（4）病，心有所不足於此。

（5）諸，猶之乎。

（6）己欲立而立人二句，謂己身欲立道，亦欲他人立於道；己身欲行道於世，亦欲他人行道。

（7）能近取譬，言近取諸身，以己所欲，譬之他人。譬，喻也。

（8）方，途徑；方法。

【翻譯】

子貢說：「如果有人能廣施恩惠給老百姓，又能普遍救助大眾，這人怎麼樣？可稱得上仁嗎？」孔子說：「豈止做到了仁，那簡直就是聖人了！就是堯舜恐怕都還有些做不到呢！所謂仁，己身想立道，也想使他人能夠立道，己身想行道於世，也想使他人能夠行道，能夠就近拿己身作例子，為別人設想，便可以說是求仁的方法了。」

 【主旨】中庸總結，德行或仁中庸之道。

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【參考文獻】

1、譚家哲，《論語平解》，〈學而〉，大雁文化事業，2012。

2、《新譯四書讀本》，〈學而〉，三民書局，2009。

3、網頁http://www.taiwanus.net/E/E_4/E_4_06.htm

4、楊伯峻  今譯，劉殿爵  英譯，《論語》（Confucius The Analects），聯經出版事業，Chinese-English edition，2009。